標(biāo)書(shū)翻譯會(huì)涉及到不同專(zhuān)業(yè)和不同領(lǐng)域的詞匯和習(xí)慣用法，范圍非常廣泛，包括化工、醫(yī)藥、石油等行業(yè)，下面圖書(shū)翻譯公司給大家說(shuō)說(shuō)標(biāo)書(shū)翻譯的方法有什么?

　　Bid translation involves vocabulary and usage in different professions and fields. It covers a wide range of industries, including chemical industry, medicine, petroleum and so on. What are the methods of Bid Translation?

　　一、字面法

　　1. Literary Method

　　字面法即按字面直譯原文。由這種譯法產(chǎn)生的譯文在選詞、句法、語(yǔ)義及語(yǔ)用意義等方面均與原文基本一致。但采用字面法要有前提：原文中的語(yǔ)言和文化因素必須與譯語(yǔ)基本相符。否則便會(huì)導(dǎo)致死譯硬翻，使譯文極不自然，甚至歪曲原文。

　　Literary translation means literal translation of the original text. The translation produced by this method is basically consistent with the original in terms of word selection, syntax, semantics and pragmatic meaning. However, the use of literal method must be based on the premise that the linguistic and cultural factors in the original text are basically consistent with the target language. Otherwise, it will lead to rigid translation, making the translation extremely unnatural, or even distorting the original text.

　　二、變通法

　　2. Adaptation

　　在標(biāo)書(shū)翻譯過(guò)程中我們往往發(fā)現(xiàn)，在許多情況下若照字面直譯原文會(huì)感到非常別扭，有時(shí)甚至行不通。這表明此時(shí)原文所涉及的語(yǔ)言和文化因素與譯語(yǔ)差異較大，不能按字面直接轉(zhuǎn)換，而應(yīng)作必要的變通，即翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)詞語(yǔ)和句法作些必要的改動(dòng)和調(diào)整，從而使譯文符合譯語(yǔ)規(guī)范和習(xí)慣，以達(dá)到再現(xiàn)原文的語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)用意義的最終目的。

　　In the process of tender translation, we often find that in many cases literal translation of the original text will feel very awkward, sometimes even impossible. This shows that the linguistic and cultural factors involved in the original text are quite different from those of the target language at this time. They can not be translated literally directly, but should be adapted as necessary. That is to say, some necessary changes and adjustments should be made to the words and syntax in translation so as to make the translation conform to the norms and habits of the target language so as to achieve the most reproduction of the semantic and pragmatic meanings of the original text. End goal.

　　三、改換法

　　3. Change Method

　　字面法和變通法系語(yǔ)義意義的再現(xiàn)手法，并且也是再現(xiàn)語(yǔ)用意義的兩個(gè)基本方法。但在原語(yǔ)與譯語(yǔ)之間的語(yǔ)言和文化因素差異甚大的情況下，要再現(xiàn)原文的語(yǔ)用意義往往逾越字面法和變通法的功能范圍，這時(shí)就必須采用改換法。

　　Literary method and flexible method are two basic ways to reproduce the semantic meaning, and they are also two basic ways to reproduce the pragmatic meaning. However, in the case of great differences in linguistic and cultural factors between the source language and the target language, in order to reproduce the pragmatic meaning of the source language, it is often beyond the functional scope of literal method and accommodation method, so the method of substitution must be adopted.

中譯國(guó)際翻譯（北京）有限公司
China International Translation service Co., Ltd.