北京翻譯公司判斷口譯質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣主要是看準(zhǔn)確度和流利度，從嚴(yán)復(fù)提出“信”、“達(dá)”、“雅”的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后，翻譯界對“信、達(dá)、雅”的解釋各有不同，但大部分學(xué)者對這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所持的態(tài)度是肯定的。

　　The quality of interpretation is judged by the accuracy and fluency of the Beijing Translation Company. After putting forward the translation standards of "letter", "reach" and "elegance", the interpretation of "letter, reach and elegance" in translation circles is different. But most scholars are positive about these standards.

　　翻譯能做到“信、達(dá)、雅”固然不錯，問題在于翻譯不是照相業(yè)的復(fù)制行當(dāng)，難以做到“信、達(dá)、雅”三全。基于不同文化的各族語言在翻譯過程中難保原汁原味原形原貌，因而“信、達(dá)、雅”只能是相對的。

　　The problem is that translation is not a photocopying industry, so it is difficult to achieve "letter, reach, elegance". Languages based on different cultures can not guarantee the original form in the process of translation, so "trust, reach, elegance" can only be relative.

　　有時(shí)“信”雖然達(dá)標(biāo)，而“達(dá)”和“雅”卻有所不達(dá)，有所不雅。于是便出現(xiàn)了“信、達(dá)、雅”三標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之主從關(guān)系的爭論。時(shí)至今日，爭論仍在延續(xù)，焦點(diǎn)無非集中在翻譯究竟應(yīng)以“直譯”還是“意譯”為本的問題上。

　　Sometimes, though the letter is up to standard, it is not up to the standards and the elegance. Therefore, there is a debate about the relationship between the three standards of faith, conformity and elegance. Today, the debate is still continuing, focusing on whether translation should be based on "literal translation" or "free translation".

　　其實(shí)，“信”、“達(dá)”、“雅”作為衡量筆譯作品質(zhì)量之優(yōu)劣的三條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是一個互為依存、缺一不可的整體，片面強(qiáng)調(diào)“直譯”或“意譯”的孰主孰輔是無意義的。一篇上乘的譯文從內(nèi)容到形式都應(yīng)忠實(shí)反映原文的內(nèi)容和形式，都應(yīng)被譯文的讀者所感知和理解。

　　In fact, "letter", "reach," and "elegance", as three standards to measure the quality of translation works, are a interdependent and indispensable whole, and it is meaningless to unilaterally emphasize the importance of "literal translation" or "free translation". A good translation, from content to form, should faithfully reflect the content and form of the original text and should be perceived and understood by the readers of the translation.

　　譯文的內(nèi)容、精神和風(fēng)格不可顧此失彼，應(yīng)該基本做到“信”、“達(dá)”、“雅”。任何刻意的直譯或意譯行為，單方面地求“信”、“達(dá)”、“雅”中的某條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，嚴(yán)格說來都不是真正意義上的翻譯，而是“改譯”或“編譯”。

　　The content, spirit and style of the translation should not be ignored, but should basically be "letter", "Da" and "elegant". Any deliberate act of literal or free translation unilaterally seeks a standard of "faith", "achievement" or "elegance", which is strictly not a true translation, but a "transliteration" or "translation".

　　至于口譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，套用筆譯的“信、達(dá)、雅”三原則是恰當(dāng)?shù)摹？谧g不同于筆譯，口譯的“現(xiàn)時(shí)”、“現(xiàn)場”、“限時(shí)”的特點(diǎn)決定了口譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有別于筆譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。衡量口譯質(zhì)量的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該是“準(zhǔn)確”和“流利”。

　　As for the standard of interpretation, it is appropriate to apply the three principles of translation. Interpretation is different from translation. The characteristics of "present", "spot" and "limited time" determine that the standard of interpretation is different from that of translation. The basic standards of interpreting quality should be "accuracy" and "fluency".

　　首先，口譯必須“準(zhǔn)確”。不準(zhǔn)確的口譯可能是“篡譯”，也可能是“誤譯”，是不能容忍的。準(zhǔn)確是口譯的靈魂，是口譯的生命線。準(zhǔn)確要求譯員將原語這一方的信息完整無誤地傳達(dá)給目標(biāo)語的那一方。

　　First, interpretation must be "accurate". Inaccurate interpretation may be "usurpation" or "misinterpretation", which is intolerable. Accuracy is the soul of interpretation and the lifeline of interpretation. The interpreter is required to convey the information from the source language to the target party in a complete and unmistakable manner.

　　具體說來，口譯的準(zhǔn)確涉及口譯時(shí)的主題準(zhǔn)確、精神準(zhǔn)確、論點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)確、風(fēng)格準(zhǔn)確、詞語準(zhǔn)確、數(shù)字準(zhǔn)確、表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確、語速準(zhǔn)確以及口吻準(zhǔn)確等方面。歸根結(jié)底，準(zhǔn)確的譯語應(yīng)該同時(shí)保持原語的意義和風(fēng)格。準(zhǔn)確的口譯不僅是雙語成功交際的保障，而且也是譯員職業(yè)道德和專業(yè)水平的集中體現(xiàn)。

　　Specifically, the accuracy of interpretation involves the accuracy of the topic, spirit, argument, style, words, numbers, expression, speed and tone of speech. In the final analysis, an accurate target language should maintain both the meaning and style of the source language. Accurate interpretation is not only the guarantee of successful bilingual communication, but also the professional ethics and professional level of interpreters.

　　準(zhǔn)確的口譯不僅體現(xiàn)了譯員對交際活動的尊重和負(fù)責(zé)，而且也體現(xiàn)了譯員對交際雙方的尊重和負(fù)責(zé)。必須指出，我們所講的準(zhǔn)確性并非是那種機(jī)械刻板的“模壓式”口譯或“蓋章式”口譯。例如，對原語者明顯的口吃，不可妄加模仿。對交際一方過快或過慢的語速、明顯的口誤或濃重的口音，譯員也不可模壓炮制，鸚鵡學(xué)舌般地如數(shù)傳遞給另一方。

　　Accurate interpretation reflects not only the respect and responsibility of interpreters for communicative activities, but also the respect and responsibility of interpreters for both sides of communication. It is important to note that the accuracy we speak of is not the kind of mechanical "moulding" or "stamped" interpretation. For example, the apparent stuttering of the original speaker should not be imitated. Nor should the interpreter parrot the way one communicates too fast or too slowly, an obvious slip of the tongue or a strong accent, and parrot the other.

　　“流利”是譯員必須遵循的另一大標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。譯員在確?！皽?zhǔn)確”口譯的前提下，應(yīng)該迅速流暢地將一方的信息傳譯給另一方。如果說“準(zhǔn)確”也是筆譯的基本要求，那么“流利”則充分體現(xiàn)了口譯的特點(diǎn)?？谧g的現(xiàn)場性、現(xiàn)實(shí)性、即席性、限時(shí)性、交互性等因素要求口譯過程宜短不宜長，節(jié)奏宜緊不宜松?？谧g是交際工具，工具的價(jià)值在于效用和效率。

　　Fluency is another standard that an interpreter must follow. An interpreter should quickly and fluently interpret one party's information to the other while ensuring "accurate" interpretation. If "accuracy" is also the basic requirement of translation, fluency fully embodies the characteristics of interpretation. Some factors, such as scene, reality, improvisation, time-limit and interactivity, require that the interpreting process should be short rather than long, and the rhythm should be tight rather than loose. Interpreting is a communicative tool, the value of which lies in effectiveness and efficiency.

　　工具首先得有效用，否則就不成其為工具，但有效用而無效率(或低效率)的工具決不是好工具。那么，如何來衡量口譯的流利程度呢?口譯的流利程度包括譯員對原語信息的感知速度和解析速度，及其用目標(biāo)語進(jìn)行編碼和表達(dá)的速度。

　　Tools must be effective first, otherwise they are not tools, but tools that are effective and inefficient (or inefficient) are never good tools. So, how to measure the fluency of interpreting? The fluency of interpreting includes the perceiving speed and parsing speed of the original language information, and the speed of encoding and expressing the target language.

　　通常，口譯時(shí)譯員對母語信息的感知速度和解析速度快于對外語信息的感知速度和解析速度，同時(shí)用母語編碼和表達(dá)的速度也快于用外語編碼和表達(dá)的速度。

　　Generally, interpreters perceive and parse the native language information faster than the foreign language information, and the speed of encoding and expressing in the mother tongue is also faster than that in the foreign language.

　　在口譯場合，譯員對信息的感知和解析受到“現(xiàn)時(shí)”“限刻”的制約，無法“自由自在”地調(diào)節(jié)速度，所以必須同步加工。而在編碼和表達(dá)階段，由于譯員可以自我控制速度，所以目標(biāo)語為母語的口譯所需要的時(shí)間相對少于目標(biāo)語為外語的口譯所需要的時(shí)間。

　　In interpreting situations, the interpreters' perception and interpretation of information are restricted by the "present" limited engraving ", and they cannot" freely "adjust the speed, so they must process synchronously. At the stage of coding and expression, the interpreter can control the speed of the target language, so the time required for the target language is less than that for the target language.

　　當(dāng)然，口譯的類型、內(nèi)容、場合、對象、風(fēng)格等因素都會對口譯的速度產(chǎn)生影響，用同一把尺子來衡量不同類別的口譯是不合理的。一般說來，我們可以依據(jù)譯員所用的口譯時(shí)間是否同發(fā)言者的講話時(shí)間大體相等來衡量口譯是否屬于流利。以兩倍于原語發(fā)言者的講話時(shí)間進(jìn)行口譯者顯然不能被視為流利。

　　Of course, the type, content, occasion, object, style and other factors will affect the speed of interpretation. It is unreasonable to use the same ruler to measure different types of interpretation. Generally speaking, we can judge whether interpreters are fluent in terms of whether the interpretation time is roughly equal to the speaking time of the speaker. An interpreter who speaks twice as long as the original speaker is clearly not considered fluent.

中譯國際翻譯（北京）有限公司
China International Translation service Co., Ltd.